Nezam El-Tayebat Fact CheckA scientific assessment of the “نظام الطيبات” nutrition system
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Mostly false Scientifically refuted Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional C-CHK-08

About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

In short: The 80-85% figure is false: Salmonella was found in about 5% of fresh broiler meat samples in the EU and in about 16-34% of retail chicken carcass samples in local Egyptian studies; contamination is real, higher in Egyptian markets, and controlled by thorough cooking and kitchen hygiene.
Conclusion: The 80-85% figure is wrong: Salmonella is found on about 5% of EU and about 16-34% of Egyptian retail chicken samples, and cooking kills it.
  1. Original statement
  2. Scientific assessment
  3. Scientific evidence in detail
  4. In plain language
  5. Studies on this claim
  6. Regional context
  7. What applies in my country?
  8. References

Original statement

مع اطهر وسائل الذبح للفراخ دمها بيتلو بالسالمونيلا ... فيها سالمونيلا كاونت اعلى من الطبيعي كام في الم ب نسبه 80 85% من الفراخ

verbatim according to source. Translation by the project; the Arabic wording is authoritative.

Translation

About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

Origin

Source status
Video transcript (own words)
Attribution
Elawady (machine transcript)
Video
Dr.D Clinics - Diaa Al Awady is live! (Open source)
Published
16 March 2025
Timestamp
not available (transcript has no timings)
Attribution uncertainty
Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps available.
Claimed health effect

Salmonellosis.

Population concerned

general population (not specified)

Geographic restriction by Elawady

none found

Diverging source versions

Source status
Video transcript (own words)
Attribution
Elawady (machine transcript)
Video
ارتفاع السكر والأسيتون ؟خطر والا ده الطبيعي ؟#ضياء_العوضي (Open source)
Published
23 December 2025
Timestamp
not available (transcript has no timings)
Attribution uncertainty
Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps available.

Scientific assessment

Mostly false – Essential parts of the statement are not supported by the evidence or are strongly exaggerated.

Certainty of evidence: moderate – Further research may still affect the assessment.

1. What was claimed?

80-85% of chickens carry Salmonella.

2. What is demonstrably correct?

Salmonella is a common contaminant of raw poultry; poultry and eggs are major sources of human salmonellosis.

3. What is wrong or exaggerated?

The 80-85% figure is far above EU monitoring (4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples in 2024; I-EGG-14) and above every Egyptian study reviewed: 16% of whole carcasses and 34% of all samples in Mansoura (I-CHK-124), 18% of native chicken carcasses in Mansoura (I-CHK-125), 33.3% of carcass samples in Alexandria (I-CHK-123) and 28.6% of mixed samples in Sharkia (I-CHK-09). Only offal reached 60% (livers and gizzards). US in-plant testing during a large outbreak found 1-26% (A-CHK-17). 'Contaminated blood' is not how carcass contamination is described in these sources.

4. What remains unclear?

Prevalence in Egyptian retail chicken nationally. In the transcript (video cLSJ-kjyBE4) he names Salmonella explicitly and attributes the number to others ('they said it'). A figure of this size exists for a different pathogen: in the 2008 EU baseline survey, 75.8% of broiler carcasses were contaminated with Campylobacter (Member-State range 4.9-100%) (I-CHK-05). Whether he confused the two pathogens cannot be determined.

5. Which studies support it?

None for the number.

6. Which studies contradict it?

I-EGG-14 (EU 2024), I-CHK-09, I-CHK-123, I-CHK-124, I-CHK-125 (Egypt, 16-34% for carcasses), A-CHK-17 (US 1-26%).

7. What applies to Germany and Europe?

EU 2024: 4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples Salmonella-positive; Salmonella process hygiene criteria and flock reduction targets apply.

8. What is known about Egypt?

Local studies found Salmonella in 16-34% of retail chicken carcass samples (Sharkia, Alexandria, Mansoura) and up to 60% of livers and gizzards; most isolates were multidrug resistant. One supermarket in Alexandria was negative (I-CHK-123). No national data exist.

9. What practical conclusion is appropriate?

Salmonella on raw chicken is a real but much less frequent risk than claimed in the EU; thorough cooking and preventing cross-contamination are effective.

Assessment details

Rationale for certainty of evidence

EU official monitoring 2024: 4.9% of 'fresh meat from broilers' samples (N = 95,954) Salmonella-positive. Egyptian studies report higher prevalence (120/420 = 28.6% of mixed farm and carcass samples in one province), but no source for 80-85% was found. The figure is not attributed to a specific study in the transcript.

Source quality

Own words (machine transcript); unsourced number ('هم اللي قالوا').

Regional transferability

Strongly country-dependent.

Individual exceptions

Not applicable.

Regional scope of the claim
not specified
Last reviewed
26 October 2026 provisional

Scientific evidence in detail

Scientifically refuted – High-quality evidence shows the opposite, or the claim contradicts well-established physiology.

Research question: What proportion of chickens/chicken carcasses on the market are contaminated with Salmonella (EU and Egypt), and is it about 80-85%?

Research question in detail (PECO)
Population
Broiler chickens and retail chicken meat
Intervention or exposure
Market/slaughter chain
Comparison
Claimed 80-85%
Geographic scope
production-dependent (EU monitoring vs Egyptian local studies)
Outcomes
  • Salmonella prevalence in carcasses/meat

Study results as reported by the authors. Our assessment follows below.

What speaks for the claim?

No high-quality evidence supporting the claim was found.

What speaks against the claim?

What does the overall evidence say?

Editorial assessment based on the studies above – not itself a study result.

Which position is better supported?

Salmonella is found on a minority of chickens: about 5% of fresh broiler meat samples in the EU and roughly 16-34% of retail carcass samples in local Egyptian studies; 80-85% is not supported anywhere.

Why some studies weigh more

EU monitoring is large and official; Egyptian studies are small but consistent with each other; no study approaches 80-85% for whole carcasses.

Is a causal relationship established? Not applicable Prevalence question.

Remaining uncertainty

National Egyptian prevalence; offal (liver/gizzard) can reach 60%.

Justified conclusion

The 80-85% figure is wrong; contamination is real and higher in Egyptian markets than in the EU.

Why do studies seem to disagree?

Offal figures (60% gizzards/liver in Egypt) are higher than carcass figures and could be confused with whole-bird prevalence; the figure is also close to EU Campylobacter carcass prevalence in 2008 (75.8%, I-CHK-05), a different pathogen.

Does this depend on the country?
General biological effects
Salmonella colonisation of poultry is universal.
Eating habits
Purchase of live-slaughtered market chicken vs supermarket chicken affects contamination (I-CHK-123).
Origin of the food
Egyptian market chicken more contaminated than EU chicken in available data.
Contaminants
Not applicable.
National production conditions
Egypt: no national flock control programme with published results (the project's research files).
Legal rules
EU: Reg. 2160/2003 targets, Reg. 2073/2005 criteria; Egypt: NFSA Decision 1/2021 requires Salmonella absent in 25 g.
Actual monitoring data
EU: official data; Egypt: local studies only.

A regional difference is supported by robust data.

Statistical re-check
  • Wilson 95% CIs of reported prevalences vs 80% – All upper CI limits are below 80% (highest: gizzards 60%, CI 46.2-72.4). recalculated
Certainty of the overall evidence (GRADE, simplified)
Main outcome
Salmonella prevalence on chicken carcasses
Starting level
high (randomised trials)
Reasons for downgrading
  • indirectness for Egypt: local convenience samples
Result
moderate

Simplified assessment by a single reviewer, following the GRADE approach; not a formal GRADE panel. GRADE rates the body of evidence for one outcome, not individual studies.

Clinical guidelines and official statements checked
  • EFSA/ECDC: The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report (existing study I-EGG-14) (2025) · Original publication
    Campylobacteriosis 63.7% of reported zoonosis cases; broiler meat most often implicated in strong-evidence Campylobacter outbreaks; 4.9% of fresh broiler meat units Salmonella-positive.
Search strategy

Documented literature searches for this review (search strings in the original database syntax).

DatabaseDateSearchLooking forHitsIncluded
PubMed26 October 2026salmonella[ti] AND (chicken meat[tiab] OR retail chicken[tiab] OR broiler carcass*[tiab]) AND Egypt[tiab] AND prevalence[tiab]both directions2
Europe PMC26 October 2026TITLE:salmonella AND (TITLE:Egypt OR TITLE:Africa OR TITLE:"Middle East" OR TITLE:global) AND (TITLE:"meta-analysis") AND (TITLE:poultry OR TITLE:chicken OR TITLE:broiler)supporting evidence0
Europe PMC26 October 2026(salmonella) AND (poultry OR chicken OR broiler) AND ("meta-analysis" OR "systematic review") AND (prevalence) AND (Africa OR Egypt OR "low- and middle-income" OR worldwide OR global)supporting evidence1692
the project's research files (EG microbiology, RS-EG-44) then PubMed efetch26 October 2026Egyptian retail Salmonella studies registered by the country teamboth directions4

Open questions

Representative Egyptian retail survey.

How deeply was this checked?

7 linked studies: 4 checked in full text (3 of them with a structured risk-of-bias assessment), 3 on the basis of the abstract, 0 bibliographically only. No formal assessment with two independent reviewers and no independent human expert review has taken place yet.

Last scientific review: 26 October 2026

History of the verdict
  1. 25 October 2026 · Phase 1 · Initial assessment: Mostly false (moderate)
  2. 26 October 2026 · Phase 4 (systematic evidence review) · Re-examined with extended evidence; verdict unchanged: Mostly false (moderate)
    Three further Egyptian studies (16-34% for carcasses) confirm that the figure is far too high; the claim keeps “Mostly false” because Salmonella contamination itself is real. Bottom line sharpened.
    New sources: I-CHK-123 I-CHK-124 I-CHK-125

In plain language

Dr. Elawady said 80 to 85 percent of chickens carry Salmonella. In the EU, official tests in 2024 found Salmonella in about 5 out of 100 samples of fresh chicken meat. A study in one Egyptian province found it in about 29 out of 100 samples from farms and carcasses - higher than in Europe, but far below his figure. Cooking chicken thoroughly kills Salmonella.

Studies on this claim

Studies supporting the claim (0)

No studies in this group.

Studies contradicting or limiting the claim (6)

  • EU zoonoses report 2024

    EFSA, ECDC. EFSA J 2025 · PMID 41377167 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9759
    Otherindependent cross-checkfull text checked★ key study

    Campylobacter and Salmonella are the most common food-borne infections in the EU; about 5% of fresh chicken samples and 0.3% of egg samples had Salmonella.

    About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Occurrence of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed in the EU, 2024

    How was the study done?

    EU surveillance report under Zoonoses Directive 2003/99/EC

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    e.g., 95,954 fresh broiler meat samples; 12,327 egg samples; 27 EU Member States, UK (NI), 8 non-MS

    What was actually found?

    Campylobacteriosis 63.7% of confirmed zoonosis cases, salmonellosis second. Salmonella-positive: fresh meat from broilers 4.9%, turkeys 4.7%, eggs and egg products 0.31%. Adult laying-hen flock Salmonella prevalence 4.0%, target serovars 1.6%. Salmonella in eggs and egg products = agent/food pair of most concern; broiler meat most frequently implicated in strong-evidence Campylobacter outbreaks. Campylobacter PHC 1000 CFU/g on neck skin.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Descriptive; trend analyses

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Poultry germs are a real but controllable risk.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Reporting differences between countries; Operator vs official sampling differ

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports existence of pathogens; contradicts exaggerated prevalence.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Directly EU.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Not representative for Egypt.

    Scientific details →

  • Salmonella in Egyptian broiler chickens

    Elkenany R et al.. BMC Vet Res 2019 · PMID 31029108 · DOI 10.1186/s12917-019-1867-z
    Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment

    About 29% of retail chicken carcasses and 32% of farm chickens in one Egyptian province had Salmonella, mostly multidrug-resistant.

    About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Prevalence, resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella in broilers and retail carcasses

    How was the study done?

    Cross-sectional microbiological survey

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    420 samples from 5 broiler farms and 5 retail shops, El-Sharkia, summer 2017

    What was actually found?

    Salmonella in 28.6% of all samples (carcasses 29.4%, cloacal swabs 32%, environment 22%); 76.7% of isolates multidrug-resistant; all resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; none to imipenem.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Descriptive

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    In Egypt, careful handling and cooking of chicken is especially important.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Only 5 farms and 5 shops in one province, one season; no human data; descriptive only.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports concern but not 80-85%.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Low (Egypt).

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Not national.

    Scientific details →

  • US Salmonella outbreak from one chicken company

    Gieraltowski L et al.. PLoS One 2016 · PMID 27631492 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369
    Outbreak reportcited by the Tayebat archivefull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment

    634 people fell ill from resistant Salmonella traced to one company's chicken.

    About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

    Does the study support the specific claim? Yes · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    What caused a large multistate MDR Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak?

    How was the study done?

    Outbreak investigation (epidemiological, laboratory, traceback)

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    634 cases; 435 interviewed; 634 US case-patients

    What was actually found?

    634 sick (38% hospitalised, no deaths); 87% of those with brand data ate Company A chicken; 67% of tested patient isolates resistant, 35% multidrug-resistant; Salmonella in 26% of samples at the implicated plants, down to about 5% after fixes.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Descriptive

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Shows why safe handling of raw chicken matters.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Single outbreak

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports existence of hazard.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Moderate.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Cannot give routine prevalence in chicken and does not support an 80-85% contamination rate.

    Scientific details →

  • A third of market chicken in Alexandria carried Salmonella

    Barac D et al.. Indian J Microbiol 2024 · PMID 39678989 · DOI 10.1007/s12088-024-01210-z
    Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkabstract checked

    33% of carcass samples from Alexandria markets were contaminated; a supermarket sample set was free.

    Egyptian retail: 33.3% (95% CI 22.7-45.9), far below 80-85%.

    Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: low · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?

    How was the study done?

    Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    60 raw chicken carcass samples from six markets

    What was actually found?

    Overall Salmonella contamination 33.3%; liver and gizzard 60% each, neck 50%, wing 30%; heart and small intestine negative; one supermarket negative; markets ranged 30-60%. Main serotypes S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Overall Salmonella contamination 33.3%; liver and gizzard 60% each, neck 50%, wing 30%; heart and small intestine negative; one supermarket negative; markets ranged 30-60%. Main serotypes S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Not representative of Egypt as a whole.

    Scientific details →

  • Salmonella in 16% of whole chickens and 60% of gizzards in Mansoura

    Abd-Elghany SM et al.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 · PMID 25004116 · DOI 10.1017/S0950268814001708
    Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkabstract checked

    Whole carcasses 16%, gizzards 60%, overall 34%; most isolates were multidrug resistant.

    Whole carcasses 16%; highest category (gizzards) 60%; none near 80-85%.

    Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: low · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?

    How was the study done?

    Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    200 samples (50 each of whole carcasses, drumsticks, livers, gizzards), Mansoura

    What was actually found?

    Salmonella in 16% (8/50) of whole carcasses, 28% (14/50) drumsticks, 32% (16/50) livers, 60% (30/50) gizzards; overall 34% (68/200). 92.8% of isolates multidrug resistant.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Salmonella in 16% (8/50) of whole carcasses, 28% (14/50) drumsticks, 32% (16/50) livers, 60% (30/50) gizzards; overall 34% (68/200). 92.8% of isolates multidrug resistant.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Not representative of Egypt as a whole.

    Scientific details →

  • Salmonella in 18% of native chicken carcasses in Mansoura

    El-Saeed BA et al.. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024 · PMID 38965586 · DOI 10.1186/s12941-024-00713-3
    Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkabstract checked

    18% of native chicken carcasses carried Salmonella, often highly resistant to antibiotics.

    Native (non-industrial) chicken carcasses 18%; also shows that native birds are not free of Salmonella.

    Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: low · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?

    How was the study done?

    Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    150 freshly dressed native chicken carcasses from poultry shops, Mansoura, Jul-Nov 2022

    What was actually found?

    Salmonella confirmed (invA PCR) in 18% (27/150) of carcasses. Of 129 isolates, 93.8% resistant to >=3 antibiotics; 82.2% resistant to colistin and to cefepime; 3.9% pan-drug-resistant.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Salmonella confirmed (invA PCR) in 18% (27/150) of carcasses. Of 129 isolates, 93.8% resistant to >=3 antibiotics; 82.2% resistant to colistin and to cefepime; 3.9% pan-drug-resistant.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Not representative of Egypt as a whole.

    Scientific details →

Studies with mixed or unclear results (1)

  • EFSA: controlling Campylobacter in broilers

    EFSA BIOHAZ Panel. EFSA J 2020 · PMID 32874298 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6090
    Risk assessmentindependent cross-checkfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment

    Farm measures could reduce human Campylobacter infections from chicken meat substantially.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Effect of on-farm control options on human campylobacteriosis from broiler meat

    How was the study done?

    EFSA scientific opinion (PAF modelling, expert knowledge elicitation)

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    Not applicable; EU broiler production

    What was actually found?

    In the EU, about 27% of broiler flocks and 37% of fresh broiler meat carry Campylobacter (2008 baseline: 71% of batches, 76% of carcasses); chicken meat may cause 20-30% of human cases. Farm measures could cut broiler-related cases by roughly 7-27% each (very uncertain); a 3-log cut in gut counts by 58%.

    How large was the observed effect?

    PAF; EKE

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    The risk is real and can be reduced.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Wide uncertainty

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports pathogen claim, not avoidance.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Directly EU.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Exact effect sizes; combined effects; anything about digestibility or gut damage from chicken meat.

    Scientific details →

Regional context

Germany / EU

EU 2024: 4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples Salmonella-positive; Salmonella process hygiene criteria and flock reduction targets apply.

Egypt

Local studies found Salmonella in 16-34% of retail chicken carcass samples (Sharkia, Alexandria, Mansoura) and up to 60% of livers and gizzards; most isolates were multidrug resistant. One supermarket in Alexandria was negative (I-CHK-123). No national data exist.

What applies in my country?

General scientific assessment

Mostly false The 80-85% figure is wrong: Salmonella is found on about 5% of EU and about 16-34% of Egyptian retail chicken samples, and cooking kills it.

The following areas of food safety are relevant to this statement:

  • Veterinary medicines and antibiotics
  • Hormonal growth promoters
  • Contaminants (heavy metals, PFAS, PCBs, dioxins, nitrate)
  • Pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter, etc.)
  • Animal husbandry and feed
  • Controls, imports, recalls, labelling

Poultry

Choose a country to see the checked information for it.

Limits: legal rules describe what is allowed, not what every single food contains. Measurement data come from samples and are meaningful only together with their method details.

Country of residence or purchase Compare with another country

References

  1. The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report.. EFSA, ECDC. EFSA J 2025 · PMID 41377167 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9759
  2. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genotyping of Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from broiler chickens and chicken carcasses in Egypt.. Elkenany R et al.. BMC Vet Res 2019 · PMID 31029108 · DOI 10.1186/s12917-019-1867-z
  3. National Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company.. Gieraltowski L et al.. PLoS One 2016 · PMID 27631492 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369
  4. Prevalence of Non-typhoidal Salmonellae in the Retail Chicken Meat in Alexandria, Egypt.. Barac D et al.. Indian J Microbiol 2024 · PMID 39678989 · DOI 10.1007/s12088-024-01210-z
  5. Occurrence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from chicken meat and giblets.. Abd-Elghany SM et al.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 · PMID 25004116 · DOI 10.1017/S0950268814001708
  6. Colistin-, cefepime-, and levofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from Egyptian chicken carcasses.. El-Saeed BA et al.. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024 · PMID 38965586 · DOI 10.1186/s12941-024-00713-3
  7. Update and review of control options for Campylobacter in broilers at primary production.. EFSA BIOHAZ Panel. EFSA J 2020 · PMID 32874298 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6090

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