White flour coats the absorptive villi of the small intestine like glue and thereby causes malabsorption, which leads to irritable bowel syndrome, iron-deficiency anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, weak bones and teeth, fatty liver and hair loss.
Original statement
لأنه غروي كلوتين جلو لايك يعيق امتصاص كل الأجزاء مجرد ما لزق عليها بيسموها الدكاترة جوتين سنجي أو انتتولرنس يا جماعة الموضوع فيزك تمامًا مادة غروية لزقت في الشعيرات دي
verbatim according to source. Translation by the project; the Arabic wording is authoritative.
Translation
White flour coats the absorptive villi of the small intestine like glue and thereby causes malabsorption, which leads to irritable bowel syndrome, iron-deficiency anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, weak bones and teeth, fatty liver and hair loss.
Origin
- Source status
- Video transcript (own words)
- Attribution
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- Video
- ايه اللى بيحصل فى معدتك بسبب الدقيق وتأثيره على الأمتصاص (Open source)
- Published
- 23 July 2021
- Timestamp
- not available (transcript has no timings)
- Attribution uncertainty
- Machine transcript (Arabic, auto-generated; some words garbled, e.g. 'جوتين سنجي' = gluten sensitivity). Demonstration with flour on hair/brush as a model of villi.
- Claimed mechanism
Flour paste physically coats the villi and blocks absorption ('the matter is purely physical').
- Claimed health effect
Malabsorption of fat, protein, vitamins and iron; IBS, anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, osteopenia, dental caries, fatty liver, hair loss.
- Population concerned
Everyone eating white flour.
- Geographic restriction by Elawady
none found
Diverging source versions
- Source status
- Video transcript (own words)
- Attribution
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- Video
- ايه اللى بيحصل فى معدتنا بعد اكل العيش .. فيديو خطير وكلام اول مرة تسمعوه (Open source)
- Published
- 24 March 2021
- Timestamp
- not available (transcript has no timings)
- Attribution uncertainty
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps available.
- Source status
- Archive editors
- Attribution
- Archive editors (study selection and narrative)
- Origin
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/refined-wheat/
- Attribution uncertainty
- Written by the archive operators; the study citations are the archive's, not shown to be Elawady's own.
Scientific assessment
False – The statement contradicts the robust evidence.
Certainty of evidence: moderate – Further research may still affect the assessment.
1. What was claimed?
White flour sticks to the intestinal villi and blocks absorption, explaining many common complaints.
2. What is demonstrably correct?
In coeliac disease, gluten triggers immune damage to the villi, causing malabsorption, iron-deficiency anaemia and bone loss. Refined flour is lower in fibre and some minerals than whole-grain flour.
3. What is wrong or exaggerated?
There is no evidence that flour forms a coating on villi in people without coeliac disease. Starch and gluten are digested by enzymes into sugars and peptides and absorbed. The narrative also claims rapid sugar absorption from bread ('as soon as we eat bread our sugar rises'), which contradicts the idea of blocked absorption. Fatty liver, hair loss and vitamin D deficiency have many established causes; none is shown to be caused by flour coating.
4. What remains unclear?
Nothing substantive; the mechanism is not supported.
5. Which studies support it?
None for the physical mechanism.
6. Which studies contradict it?
I-WHT-04 (coeliac prevalence shows the gluten-malabsorption pathway is a specific disease); I-GRN-02, I-GRN-105, I-GRN-106 (guidelines: diagnosis requires serology and usually biopsy on a gluten-containing diet); I-WHT-105 (coeliac disease in 3.2% of IDA patients); I-WHT-107 (BSG guideline: IDA requires investigation for GI pathology).
7. What applies to Germany and Europe?
In Germany/EU, unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia or osteoporosis is a recognised reason to test for coeliac disease; the test is only valid while gluten is still eaten.
8. What is known about Egypt?
Coeliac disease occurs in Egypt: 0.53% of children in a general-population screening (I-GRN-104) and 11 of 25 Egyptian children with refractory iron-deficiency anaemia in a clinical series (I-WHT-106). Avoiding flour before testing can make diagnosis impossible.
9. What practical conclusion is appropriate?
People with anaemia, chronic diarrhoea, weight loss or bone loss should be tested for coeliac disease before changing their diet, rather than assuming 'flour glue'.
Assessment details
- Rationale for certainty of evidence
No study supports physical coating of villi by flour in the general population. Malabsorption caused by gluten exists in coeliac disease, but through an immune-mediated villous atrophy affecting about 0.7% (biopsy-confirmed) to 1.4% (serology) of people globally (I-WHT-04). The claim generalises a disease mechanism to everyone and replaces it with a non-existent physical one.
- Source quality
Demonstration with a brush/hair model; no measurements. Archive narrative repeats the mechanism without a supporting study.
- Regional transferability
Universal physiology.
- Individual exceptions
Coeliac disease (and dermatitis herpetiformis) does cause malabsorption, anaemia and bone loss; affected people need diagnosis while still eating gluten and then a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (I-GRN-02).
- Regional scope of the claim
- general (biological/medical)
- Last reviewed
- 26 October 2026 provisional
Scientific evidence in detail
Scientifically refuted – High-quality evidence shows the opposite, or the claim contradicts well-established physiology.
Research question: Does white flour coat the intestinal villi and cause malabsorption leading to IBS, iron-deficiency anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, bone and dental weakness, fatty liver and hair loss in the general population?
Research question in detail (PECO)
- Population
- General population; people with iron-deficiency anaemia (including Egyptian children)
- Intervention or exposure
- White flour
- Comparison
- No/less white flour
- Geographic scope
- universal biology; Egyptian data checked
- Outcomes
- Malabsorption/villous damage
- Coeliac disease among IDA patients
- Diagnostic delay
Study results as reported by the authors. Our assessment follows below.
What speaks for the claim?
No high-quality evidence supporting the claim was found.
What speaks against the claim?
About 1 in 31 people with iron-deficiency anaemia has coeliac disease
Mahadev S et al.. Gastroenterology 2018 · PMID 29689265 · DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.016 Meta-analysisabstract checkednewly addedAbout 1 in 31 patients with iron-deficiency anaemia has biopsy-confirmed coeliac disease, a specific immune disease.
- Actual result
- Pooled prevalence 3.2% (2.6-3.9); 5.5% in high-quality studies.
- Methodological quality
- moderate (meta-analysis)
- Relevance
- direct
- Limitations
- Heterogeneity.
UK guideline: iron-deficiency anaemia must be investigated
Snook J et al.. Gut 2021 · PMID 34497146 · DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325210 Guideline / position statementabstract checkednewly addedBSG guideline: a third of men and post-menopausal women with IDA have underlying GI pathology including cancer; IDA requires investigation.
- Actual result
- Guideline statements.
- Methodological quality
- high (guideline)
- Relevance
- direct (safety)
- Limitations
- UK context.
European guideline for coeliac disease
Al-Toma A et al.. United European Gastroenterol J 2019 · PMID 31210940 · DOI 10.1177/2050640619844125 Guideline / position statementfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessmentESsCD: malabsorption in coeliac disease results from immune damage to the small-bowel mucosa; testing must be done on a gluten-containing diet.
- Actual result
- Full text.
- Methodological quality
- high
- Relevance
- direct
- Limitations
- None.
What does the overall evidence say?
Editorial assessment based on the studies above – not itself a study result.
Which position is better supported?
White flour does not coat the villi; gluten-related malabsorption occurs only in coeliac disease through immune-mediated villous atrophy, which must be diagnosed by serology and biopsy while gluten is still eaten.
Why some studies weigh more
Meta-analytic prevalence data and guidelines; no study supports the coating mechanism (systematic searches found none).
Is a causal relationship established? Not established No evidence for physical coating; the established causal pathway (gluten-induced immune villous atrophy) applies only to coeliac disease.
Remaining uncertainty
None that would support the claim.
Justified conclusion
Unexplained anaemia, diarrhoea, weight loss or bone loss need medical work-up, not a dietary explanation.
Does this depend on the country?
- General biological effects
- Universal.
- Eating habits
- High bread intake in Egypt.
- Origin of the food
- Not relevant.
- Contaminants
- Not relevant.
- National production conditions
- Not relevant.
- Legal rules
- Not relevant.
- Actual monitoring data
- Egyptian data: coeliac disease in 0.53% of children (I-GRN-104) and 11/25 children with refractory IDA (I-WHT-106).
A regional difference that changes the conclusion is not supported by robust data.
Statistical re-check
- Crude prevalence and "1 in 31" – 143/2998 = 4.77%; 3.2% = 1 in 31; fixed-effect pooling despite I2 68% narrows the CI. recalculated
- Wilson CIs for small groups – 11/25 = 44% (26.7-62.9); 23/67 = 34.3% (24.1-46.3); 6/200 = 3% (1.4-6.4). recalculated
Certainty of the overall evidence (GRADE, simplified)
- Main outcome
- Malabsorption by physical flour coating of villi
- Starting level
- high (randomised trials)
- Reasons for downgrading
- indirectness (refutation rests on physiology and absence of supporting studies, not on a trial of the claim)
- Result
- moderate
Simplified assessment by a single reviewer, following the GRADE approach; not a formal GRADE panel. GRADE rates the body of evidence for one outcome, not individual studies.
Clinical guidelines and official statements checked
- ESsCD (European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease): ESsCD guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders (Al-Toma et al., UEG J 2019; study I-GRN-02) (2019) · Original publication
Diagnostic testing (serology and biopsy) should be performed on a gluten-containing diet; a gluten-free diet should be introduced only when diagnosis is conclusive (strong, high); patients with coeliac disease should adhere to a lifelong gluten-free diet (strong, high); gluten-containing cereals are wheat, barley and rye; maize and oats are naturally gluten-free but can be contaminated; uncontaminated oats are tolerated by most patients; foods labelled gluten-free must contain <=20 ppm (EC 41/2009); NCGS is considered only after coeliac disease and wheat allergy are excluded on a gluten-containing diet; patients advised to eat whole-grain rice, maize, potatoes and vegetables. - NICE (UK): Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management (NG20), Recommendations (2015) · Original publication
Offer serological testing for unexplained GI symptoms, fatigue, weight loss, unexplained iron/B12/folate deficiency, IBS in adults, type 1 diabetes, first-degree relatives; tests are accurate only on a gluten-containing diet; do not start a gluten-free diet until a specialist confirms the diagnosis; eat gluten in more than one meal daily for at least 6 weeks before testing; gluten-free oats can be included. - British Society of Gastroenterology: BSG guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults (Snook et al., Gut 2021; I-WHT-107) (2021) · Original publication
About a third of men and postmenopausal women with IDA have an underlying pathology, most commonly GI; unexplained IDA in at-risk people warrants fast-track referral (GI malignancy); coeliac disease is found in 3-5% of people investigated for unexplained IDA; coeliac serology is a useful screening test, duodenal biopsy the gold standard. - American College of Gastroenterology: ACG Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease (Rubio-Tapia et al., Am J Gastroenterol 2023; I-GRN-105) (2023) · Original publication
Abstract only (publisher full text blocked): coeliac disease is a permanent immune-mediated response to gluten in wheat, barley and rye; tTG antibodies for screening; biopsy required in most patients; treatment requires strict gluten-free diet and lifelong medical follow-up.
Search strategy
Documented literature searches for this review (search strings in the original database syntax).
| Database | Date | Search | Looking for | Hits | Included |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 26 October 2026 | (white flour OR "refined wheat" OR "white bread") AND (villi OR "villous atrophy" OR malabsorption) AND NOT (celiac OR coeliac) | supporting evidence | 50013 | |
| Europe PMC | 26 October 2026 | ABSTRACT:("white flour" OR "refined flour" OR "refined wheat" OR "white bread") AND ABSTRACT:(villi OR villus OR "villous" OR malabsorption OR "nutrient absorption") AND NOT ABSTRACT:(celiac OR coeliac) | supporting evidence | 5 | |
| PubMed | 26 October 2026 | (refined grain*[tiab] OR white bread[tiab] OR white flour[tiab]) AND (villous[tiab] OR villi[tiab] OR mucosal coating[tiab] OR malabsorption[tiab]) | supporting evidence | 6 | |
| PubMed | 26 October 2026 | (coeliac disease[tiab] OR celiac disease[tiab]) AND (iron deficiency anemia[tiab] OR iron deficiency anaemia[tiab]) AND prevalence[tiab] AND (meta-analysis[pt] OR systematic review[pt]) | contradicting evidence | 3 | |
| PubMed | 26 October 2026 | (celiac[ti] OR coeliac[ti]) AND (Egypt[ti] OR Egyptian[ti]) | contradicting evidence | 6 | |
| PubMed | 26 October 2026 | British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults[ti] | guidelines | 1 |
Open questions
None.
How deeply was this checked?
8 linked studies: 2 checked in full text (1 of them with a structured risk-of-bias assessment), 6 on the basis of the abstract, 0 bibliographically only. No formal assessment with two independent reviewers and no independent human expert review has taken place yet.
Last scientific review: 26 October 2026
History of the verdict
- 25 October 2026 · Phase 1 · Initial assessment: False (moderate)
- 26 October 2026 · Phase 4 (systematic evidence review) · Re-examined with extended evidence; verdict unchanged: False (moderate)
Unchanged. New prevalence and guideline evidence (I-WHT-105, I-WHT-107, Egyptian data) strengthens the safety concern: attributing anaemia to "flour glue" can delay diagnosis of coeliac disease or GI cancer. Safety note sharpened.
New sources: I-WHT-105 I-WHT-106 I-WHT-107 I-GRN-104 I-GRN-105 I-GRN-106
In plain language
The video claims white flour coats the tiny finger-like villi in the gut so that food cannot be absorbed. That does not happen in healthy people: flour is broken down by enzymes and absorbed. A real disease, coeliac disease, does damage the villi when gluten is eaten, but that is an immune reaction in about 1 in 100 people. Anyone with unexplained anaemia, diarrhoea or bone loss should be tested for it by a doctor before stopping bread, because the test needs gluten in the diet.
Studies on this claim
Studies supporting the claim (0)
No studies in this group.
Studies contradicting or limiting the claim (8)
-
How common is coeliac disease?
Singh P et al.. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 · PMID 29551598 · DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.037Meta-analysisindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key studyAbout 1 in 70 have coeliac antibodies and about 1 in 140 biopsy-confirmed disease worldwide.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Prevalence
- How was the study done?
Meta-analysis
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
96 studies
- What was actually found?
0.7-1.4%
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Coeliac disease is real and not rare
- What are the study's limitations?
Heterogeneity
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts denial of gluten disease
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
High
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Causes of symptoms in non-coeliacs
-
European guideline for coeliac disease
Al-Toma A et al.. United European Gastroenterol J 2019 · PMID 31210940 · DOI 10.1177/2050640619844125Guideline / position statementindependent cross-checkfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment★ key studyCoeliac disease needs a strict lifelong gluten-free diet; gluten is in wheat, rye and barley (not in uncontaminated rice, maize or oats); non-coeliac gluten sensitivity is recognised after coeliac disease and wheat allergy are excluded.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Guideline
- How was the study done?
Expert consensus guideline with GRADE grading, based on a PubMed literature review
- What was actually found?
GFD is treatment
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Coeliac patients must avoid gluten
- What are the study's limitations?
Not based on a systematic review; small expert board; no conflict-of-interest statement in available text
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts denial and reintroduction claims
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
High
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Does not quantify how common NCGS is or whether gluten itself (rather than fructans/ATIs) causes its symptoms
-
About 1 in 31 people with iron-deficiency anaemia has coeliac disease
Mahadev S et al.. Gastroenterology 2018 · PMID 29689265 · DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.016Meta-analysisindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key studyAcross 18 studies, 3.2% of patients with iron-deficiency anaemia had biopsy-confirmed coeliac disease (5.5% in better studies).
Gluten-related iron deficiency is coeliac disease (3-5% of IDA), which needs testing.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
How often IDA is due to coeliac disease.
- How was the study done?
Meta-analysis.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
2998 patients.
- What was actually found?
3.2% pooled.
- How large was the observed effect?
1 in 31.
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Anaemia needs medical testing.
- What are the study's limitations?
Heterogeneity.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts the flour-coating explanation.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
High.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Does not explain the other 95%.
-
Many Egyptian children with stubborn anaemia had coeliac disease
Abd El Dayem SM et al.. Arch Med Sci 2010 · PMID 22371752 · DOI 10.5114/aoms.2010.13900Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkabstract checkedBiopsies confirmed coeliac disease in 11 of 25 Egyptian children with refractory iron-deficiency anaemia.
Refractory anaemia and short stature in Egyptian children were often coeliac disease.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: low · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Screen Egyptian risk groups.
- How was the study done?
Serology and biopsy.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
292 children.
- What was actually found?
High rates in anaemia and short stature.
- How large was the observed effect?
44% and 34%.
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Anaemia can signal coeliac disease.
- What are the study's limitations?
Small, selected.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts the flour-glue explanation.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
Moderate.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Not a population prevalence.
-
UK guideline: iron-deficiency anaemia must be investigated
Snook J et al.. Gut 2021 · PMID 34497146 · DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325210Guideline / position statementindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key studyAbout a third of men and post-menopausal women with iron-deficiency anaemia have an underlying disease, often in the gut, including cancer; coeliac disease is found in 3-5%.
IDA needs investigation (GI malignancy, coeliac disease), not a dietary explanation.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Guide IDA care.
- How was the study done?
Specialist guideline.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
not applicable
- What was actually found?
Investigate causes; test for coeliac disease.
- How large was the observed effect?
not applicable
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Do not explain anaemia by diet without tests.
- What are the study's limitations?
UK context.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts the claim and supports the safety note.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
High.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Not about flour specifically.
-
Coeliac disease affects about 1 in 190 Egyptian children
Abu-Zekry M et al.. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008 · PMID 18664863 · DOI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31815ce5d1Cross-sectional studyindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key studyScreening of 1500 Egyptian children found coeliac disease in 0.53%, and much more often in children with diarrhoea or type 1 diabetes.
Gluten-related malabsorption in Egypt is a specific disease that needs testing.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Measure coeliac disease frequency in Egyptian children.
- How was the study done?
Blood tests and biopsies.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
1900 children in three groups.
- What was actually found?
0.53% in the general sample; 4.7% and 6.4% in risk groups.
- How large was the observed effect?
About 1 in 187.
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Coeliac disease is not rare in Egypt.
- What are the study's limitations?
Single study; children only.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts the denial of gluten-related disease.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
Comparable to Europe.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Does not give adult figures.
-
US specialist guideline on coeliac disease (2023)
Rubio-Tapia A et al.. Am J Gastroenterol 2023 · PMID 36602836 · DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075Guideline / position statementindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key studyCoeliac disease is a lifelong immune reaction to gluten from wheat, barley and rye; treatment is a strict gluten-free diet with medical follow-up.
Diagnosis needs serology and usually biopsy.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Guide diagnosis and treatment.
- How was the study done?
Expert guideline using GRADE.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
not applicable
- What was actually found?
Antibody test, usually biopsy; strict lifelong gluten-free diet.
- How large was the observed effect?
not applicable
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
People with coeliac disease must avoid gluten strictly.
- What are the study's limitations?
Only abstract read.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts denial of gluten disorders and gluten reintroduction.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
Consistent with European guidance.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Does not address the non-coeliac claims in detail in the abstract.
-
UK guideline: test for coeliac disease before cutting out gluten
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). NICE guideline NG20 2015Guideline / position statementindependent cross-checkfull text checked★ key studyPeople with unexplained iron deficiency, IBS-type symptoms and other signs should be tested, and must keep eating gluten until a specialist confirms the diagnosis.
Iron deficiency and IBS are indications for coeliac testing on a gluten-containing diet.
Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim
Original publication · Scientific details
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Guide recognition and testing.
- How was the study done?
National guideline.
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
not applicable
- What was actually found?
Testing indications; eat gluten for 6 weeks before tests.
- How large was the observed effect?
not applicable
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Stopping bread before testing can hide coeliac disease.
- What are the study's limitations?
Guideline from 2015.
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Contradicts replacing diagnosis by diet change.
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
UK, consistent with EU.
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Does not grade evidence for every recommendation on the page.
No study in this group is marked as key.
Studies with mixed or unclear results (0)
No studies in this group.
Regional context
Germany / EU
In Germany/EU, unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia or osteoporosis is a recognised reason to test for coeliac disease; the test is only valid while gluten is still eaten.
Egypt
Coeliac disease occurs in Egypt: 0.53% of children in a general-population screening (I-GRN-104) and 11 of 25 Egyptian children with refractory iron-deficiency anaemia in a clinical series (I-WHT-106). Avoiding flour before testing can make diagnosis impossible.
What applies in my country?
General scientific assessment
False Flour does not glue the villi shut; gluten-related malabsorption is a specific disease (coeliac disease) that needs proper diagnosis.
The following areas of food safety are relevant to this statement:
- Pesticides and pesticide residues
- Contaminants (heavy metals, PFAS, PCBs, dioxins, nitrate)
- Mycotoxins (mould toxins)
Cereals and rice
Choose a country to see the checked information for it.
Limits: legal rules describe what is allowed, not what every single food contains. Measurement data come from samples and are meaningful only together with their method details.
Country of residence or purchase Compare with another country
References
- Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Singh P et al.. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 · PMID 29551598 · DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.037
- European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders.. Al-Toma A et al.. United European Gastroenterol J 2019 · PMID 31210940 · DOI 10.1177/2050640619844125
- Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia-A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.. Mahadev S et al.. Gastroenterology 2018 · PMID 29689265 · DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.016
- Screening for coeliac disease among Egyptian children.. Abd El Dayem SM et al.. Arch Med Sci 2010 · PMID 22371752 · DOI 10.5114/aoms.2010.13900
- British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults.. Snook J et al.. Gut 2021 · PMID 34497146 · DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325210
- Prevalence of celiac disease in Egyptian children disputes the east-west agriculture-dependent spread of the disease.. Abu-Zekry M et al.. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008 · PMID 18664863 · DOI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31815ce5d1
- American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease.. Rubio-Tapia A et al.. Am J Gastroenterol 2023 · PMID 36602836 · DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
- Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management (NICE guideline NG20) - Recommendations. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). NICE guideline NG20 2015