Nezam El-Tayebat Fact CheckA scientific assessment of the “نظام الطيبات” nutrition system
Choose country
Choose language: English

Potentially true Overinterpreted Certainty of evidence: low provisional C-DRY-04

Dairy consumption increases prostate cancer risk (7% per 400 g/day; 34% for more than 2.5 servings/day).

In short: A small association between high dairy intake and prostate cancer is real in cohort studies and the archive's numbers are correct, but genetic evidence and expert grading do not establish that dairy causes prostate cancer; the signal also applies to cheese, which the system allows.
Conclusion: A small association between high dairy intake and prostate cancer is plausible but unproven, and it does not distinguish milk from the cheeses the system permits.
  1. Original statement
  2. Scientific assessment
  3. Scientific evidence in detail
  4. In plain language
  5. Studies on this claim
  6. Regional context
  7. What applies in my country?
  8. References

Original statement

التحليل التجميعي الكبير في AJCN عام 2015 لاثنتين وثلاثين دراسة جماعية بيّن زيادة بنسبة 7٪ في خطر سرطان البروستاتا لكل 400 جرام ألبان يوميًا، ودراسة أطباء أمريكيين أظهرت زيادة بنسبة 34٪ لمن يتناول أكثر من حصتين ونصف.

not verbatim – paraphrase. Translation by the project; the Arabic wording is authoritative.

Translation

Dairy consumption increases prostate cancer risk (7% per 400 g/day; 34% for more than 2.5 servings/day).

Origin

Source status
Archive editors
Attribution
Archive editors (eltayebat.com, rule 'dairy')
Origin
https://eltayebat.com/rule/dairy/
Attribution uncertainty
Editorial narrative and study selection by the archive operators, not shown to be Elawady's own words; the archive homepage says the forbidden section is documented 'independently of Dr. Diaa's words'.
Claimed mechanism

IGF-1 pathway; calcium lowering 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Claimed health effect

Higher prostate cancer incidence.

Population concerned

Men.

Geographic restriction by Elawady

none found

Scientific assessment

Potentially true – Some evidence points in favour of the statement, but it is not sufficient for a clear judgement.

Certainty of evidence: low – Further research is likely to change the assessment considerably.

1. What was claimed?

Dairy increases prostate cancer risk.

2. What is demonstrably correct?

The meta-analysis A-DRY-02 found RR 1.07 (1.02-1.12) per 400 g/d total dairy, 1.09 (1.02-1.18) per 50 g/d cheese, 1.06 (1.01-1.11) per 200 g/d low-fat milk. The Physicians' Health Study (A-DRY-03) found RR 1.34 (1.04-1.71) for >2.5 vs <=0.5 servings/day. An umbrella review lists prostate cancer among possible harms (I-DRY-12).

3. What is wrong or exaggerated?

The relative increases are small (about 7% per 400 g/day) and the absolute risk increase was not reported. The archive does not mention that the same evidence base shows dairy associated with LOWER colorectal cancer risk (RR 0.83 per 400 g/day, I-DRY-11). In large US cohorts, total dairy was only marginally associated with cancer mortality (per serving/day HR 1.03, 1.01-1.05; highest vs lowest fifth 1.05, 0.99-1.11), while whole milk was associated with higher cancer mortality including prostate-cancer mortality (site-specific numbers only in a supplement not reviewed) (I-DRY-01). Importantly, cheese, which the system allows, carried the largest per-gram association in A-DRY-02.

4. What remains unclear?

Causality; which component (protein, IGF-1, calcium) is responsible; effects on aggressive vs indolent cancer.

5. Which studies support it?

A-DRY-02, A-DRY-03, A-DRY-14 (mechanism), I-DRY-06 (IGF-I and prostate cancer), I-DRY-108 (Adventist Health Study-2: HR 1.27, 1.12-1.43, for 430 v 20 g/day dairy, also for advanced cancer); partly I-DRY-01 (whole milk and prostate-cancer mortality) and I-DRY-12 (prostate cancer listed among possible harms).

6. Which studies contradict it?

I-DRY-11 (lower colorectal cancer risk); I-DRY-01 (total-dairy cancer mortality only marginally elevated); I-DRY-109 (Mendelian randomisation: no overall causal effect of milk on prostate cancer, OR 1.01, 0.99-1.02); I-DRY-102 (WCRF: evidence for prostate cancer 'limited-suggestive'; dairy probably protects against colorectal cancer).

7. What applies to Germany and Europe?

The WCRF/AICR expert report rates the evidence that dairy (including milk, cheese and yogurt) increases prostate cancer risk as 'limited-suggestive' and judges that dairy probably protects against colorectal cancer; it made no recommendation on dairy (I-DRY-102).

8. What is known about Egypt?

No Egyptian data found.

9. What practical conclusion is appropriate?

A modest association exists; it supports moderation rather than total avoidance, and it applies to cheese as much as to milk.

Assessment details

Rationale for certainty of evidence

Consistent but small relative associations in prospective cohorts and a plausible mechanism; no randomised evidence; possible detection bias (PSA screening) and residual confounding.

Source quality

Archive editorial; numbers correctly reported from A-DRY-02 and A-DRY-03.

Regional transferability

Mostly US/European cohorts; plausibly transferable biologically.

Individual exceptions

Men at high prostate cancer risk may reasonably avoid very high dairy intakes.

Regional scope of the claim
general (biological/medical)
Last reviewed
26 October 2026 provisional

Scientific evidence in detail

Overinterpreted – A real finding exists, but the claim draws more from it than the data allow (e.g. association taken as cause, animal data applied to humans, small effect presented as large).

Research question: Does dairy consumption increase prostate cancer risk in men?

Research question in detail (PECO)
Population
Adult men
Intervention or exposure
High dairy intake
Comparison
Low/no dairy
Geographic scope
universal biology; mostly Western data
Outcomes
  • Prostate cancer incidence
  • Advanced prostate cancer

Study results as reported by the authors. Our assessment follows below.

What speaks for the claim?

What speaks against the claim?

What does the overall evidence say?

Editorial assessment based on the studies above – not itself a study result.

Which position is better supported?

A modest association between high dairy intake and prostate cancer is consistent across cohorts, but causality is not established.

Why some studies weigh more

Cohort consistency (A-DRY-02, I-DRY-108) is balanced by null MR (I-DRY-109) and WCRF's limited-suggestive grading.

Is a causal relationship established? Possible, not established Consistent associations and a plausible mechanism, but no randomised or clear genetic confirmation.

Remaining uncertainty

Whether the association is causal; role of PSA screening.

Justified conclusion

Possible but unproven; supports moderation rather than elimination, and applies to cheese as much as milk.

Why do studies seem to disagree?

Cohorts measure total dairy (incl. cheese) and are open to detection bias; MR tests lifelong milk via lactase genetics and finds no overall effect. Different exposures and biases explain the gap.

Does this depend on the country?
General biological effects
Biological question; transferable.
Eating habits
Typical Egyptian intakes are lower than the highest Western categories (not quantified).

A regional difference that changes the conclusion is not supported by robust data.

Statistical re-check
  • CI log-symmetry and approximate absolute risk – CIs symmetric; ~15 extra cases per 1000 men over 10 years if HR 1.27 applied to crude cohort incidence (approximation). recalculated
  • CI log-symmetry – 0.99-1.02 asymmetry is a rounding artefact. recalculated
Certainty of the overall evidence (GRADE, simplified)
Main outcome
Prostate cancer incidence with high dairy
Starting level
low (observational studies)
Reasons for downgrading
  • risk of bias (detection bias, confounding)
  • inconsistency with MR
Reasons for upgrading
  • dose-response
Result
low

Simplified assessment by a single reviewer, following the GRADE approach; not a formal GRADE panel. GRADE rates the body of evidence for one outcome, not individual studies.

Clinical guidelines and official statements checked
  • WCRF/AICR: Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer (CUP 2018) (2018) · Original publication
    Dairy probably protects against colorectal cancer (strong evidence); evidence that dairy (total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurt) increases prostate cancer risk is limited-suggestive; no dairy recommendation made (I-DRY-102).
Search strategy

Documented literature searches for this review (search strings in the original database syntax).

DatabaseDateSearchLooking forHitsIncluded
PubMed26 October 2026(dairy[tiab] OR milk[tiab]) AND "prostate cancer"[tiab] AND (meta-analysis[pt] OR systematic review[pt]) AND 2019:2026[dp]both directions7
PubMed26 October 2026Orlich MJ[au] AND dairy[ti] AND prostate[ti]supporting evidence1
Europe PMC26 October 2026(dairy OR milk) AND "prostate cancer" AND ("Mendelian randomization" OR "Mendelian randomisation")both directions300
PubMed26 October 2026Larsson SC[au] AND milk[ti] AND Mendelian[ti] AND cancer[ti]contradicting evidence1

Open questions

Updated WCRF prostate review; dairy-type-specific effects.

How deeply was this checked?

10 linked studies: 4 checked in full text (3 of them with a structured risk-of-bias assessment), 6 on the basis of the abstract, 0 bibliographically only. No formal assessment with two independent reviewers and no independent human expert review has taken place yet.

Last scientific review: 26 October 2026

History of the verdict
  1. 25 October 2026 · Phase 1 · Initial assessment: Potentially true (low)
  2. 26 October 2026 · Phase 4 (systematic evidence review) · Re-examined with extended evidence; verdict unchanged: Potentially true (low)
    New cohort support (I-DRY-108) and new null MR evidence (I-DRY-109) roughly balance; WCRF grading (I-DRY-102) confirms 'limited-suggestive'. Verdict unchanged.
    New sources: I-DRY-102 I-DRY-108 I-DRY-109

In plain language

Several large studies found that men who ate a lot of dairy had a slightly higher chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer; for example about 7% more per 400 g of dairy a day. This is a small relative increase and comes from observational studies, so it is not proven to be caused by dairy. The same studies link dairy to a lower risk of bowel cancer. Cheese, which the system allows, showed a similar or stronger association than milk.

Studies on this claim

Studies supporting the claim (5)

  • Large review links more dairy with slightly more prostate cancer

    Aune D et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2015 · PMID 25527754 · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.067157
    Meta-analysiscited by the Tayebat archiveabstract checked★ key study

    About 7% higher risk per 400 g dairy a day and 9% per 50 g cheese a day.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Summarise cohort studies on dairy and prostate cancer.

    How was the study done?

    Meta-analysis of 32 prospective studies.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    Men in many countries.

    What was actually found?

    Small increases with dairy, milk, low-fat milk and cheese.

    How large was the observed effect?

    RR 1.07 per 400 g/d total dairy; 1.09 per 50 g/d cheese.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    A small relative risk increase; absolute risk not reported.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Observational; screening bias possible.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports a modest association; cheese not safer than milk.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Includes European data.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Causation; that cheese is safer than milk.

    Scientific details →

  • US doctors who ate most dairy had more prostate cancer

    Chan JM et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 · PMID 11566656 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/74.4.549
    Cohort studycited by the Tayebat archiveabstract checked

    More than 2.5 servings/day: 34% higher relative risk.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Test dairy/calcium and prostate cancer.

    How was the study done?

    Cohort of physicians, 11 years.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    20,885 men.

    What was actually found?

    Higher risk with high dairy and dairy calcium.

    How large was the observed effect?

    RR 1.34 (1.04-1.71).

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Modest relative increase.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Simple questionnaire; one cohort.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports a modest association.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Moderate.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Causation.

    Scientific details →

  • Review: milk slightly raises IGF-1, which is linked to prostate cancer

    Harrison S et al.. Cancer Causes Control 2017 · PMID 28361446 · DOI 10.1007/s10552-017-0883-1
    Systematic reviewcited by the Tayebat archivefull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment★ key study

    IGF-I +0.10 SD per SD of milk; prostate cancer OR 1.09 per SD IGF-I.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Yes · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Test the IGF pathway.

    How was the study done?

    Systematic review of 172 studies.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    Humans and animals.

    What was actually found?

    Moderate evidence for both links, but small effects; IGF-I not associated with advanced prostate cancer.

    How large was the observed effect?

    OR 1.09 (1.03-1.16) per SD IGF-I.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    A small, plausible mechanism.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Inference across separate studies; milk-IGF effect only visually estimated; search to 2014.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports the mechanism claim, not the size of harm.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Moderate.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    That milk causes prostate cancer; the size of any milk-related risk via IGF-1.

    Scientific details →

  • Men with higher IGF-1 levels get prostate cancer somewhat more often

    Travis RC et al.. Cancer Res 2016 · PMID 26921328 · DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1551
    Meta-analysisindependent cross-checkabstract checked

    Top vs bottom fifth: OR 1.29.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Yes · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    IGF and prostate cancer.

    How was the study done?

    IPD meta-analysis.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    10,554 cases.

    What was actually found?

    IGF-I associated.

    How large was the observed effect?

    OR 1.29 (1.16-1.43).

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    A real but moderate link.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Does not test milk.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports mechanism half.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    High.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    That milk causes cancer.

    Scientific details →

  • Men eating more dairy had more prostate cancer in a large Adventist cohort

    Orlich MJ et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2022 · PMID 35672028 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqac093
    Cohort studyindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key study

    About 27% higher risk at 430 g/day v 20 g/day; also for advanced cancer.

    HR 1.27 for 430 v 20 g/day dairy; also for advanced cancer.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Yes · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Check dairy and prostate cancer where many eat no dairy.

    How was the study done?

    Prospective cohort.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    28,737 men.

    What was actually found?

    Higher dairy, higher risk; non-dairy calcium no link.

    How large was the observed effect?

    HR 1.27 (1.12-1.43).

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Very high dairy may modestly raise prostate cancer risk.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Observational; screening differences possible.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports the claim as an association.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Applicable.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Cannot prove dairy causes prostate cancer or distinguish milk from cheese.

    Scientific details →

Studies contradicting or limiting the claim (2)

  • Milk linked to lower bowel cancer risk

    Aune D et al.. Ann Oncol 2012 · PMID 21617020 · DOI 10.1093/annonc/mdr269
    Meta-analysisindependent cross-checkabstract checked

    Total dairy RR 0.83 per 400 g/day.

    Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Dairy and colorectal cancer.

    How was the study done?

    Meta-analysis.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    19 cohorts.

    What was actually found?

    Lower risk with milk/dairy.

    How large was the observed effect?

    RR 0.83 (0.78-0.88).

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Possible benefit.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Observational.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Shows a trade-off the archive omits.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Includes Europe.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Causation.

    Scientific details →

  • Genetic study: milk does not clearly cause prostate cancer but may protect against bowel cancer

    Larsson SC et al.. BMC Med 2020 · PMID 33261611 · DOI 10.1186/s12916-020-01839-9
    Otherindependent cross-checkabstract checked★ key study

    Prostate OR 1.01 (0.99-1.02) per milk allele; colorectal 0.95.

    No overall causal effect of milk on prostate cancer.

    Does the study support the specific claim? No · Methodological quality: moderate · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Test cause and effect using genes linked to milk drinking.

    How was the study done?

    Mendelian randomisation.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    Hundreds of thousands of Europeans.

    What was actually found?

    No overall prostate effect; lower bowel cancer.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Prostate OR 1.01.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Milk is unlikely to be a strong cause of prostate cancer.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Instrument limits; milk only.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Weakens the causal claim.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    European data.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Cannot exclude a small effect.

    Scientific details →

Studies with mixed or unclear results (3)

  • Overview of 41 reviews: milk more often linked to benefit than harm

    Zhang X et al.. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021 · PMID 33413488 · DOI 10.1186/s12986-020-00527-y
    Systematic reviewindependent cross-checkfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment★ key study

    Milk was linked more often to benefits (heart, stroke, bowel cancer, diabetes, bones) than to harms (prostate cancer, Parkinson's, acne); most evidence was rated low certainty.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: low · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Summarise milk and health.

    How was the study done?

    Umbrella review.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    41 meta-analyses.

    What was actually found?

    Mostly beneficial associations; harmful associations for prostate cancer, Parkinson's, acne, infant iron deficiency and, per extra 200 g/day, hip fracture.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Not pooled.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Milk is not shown to be generally harmful.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Umbrella review without protocol; mostly observational, low/very-low certainty; overlap not handled; milk only (no yogurt/cheese).

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Contradicts blanket harm claims; confirms specific signals.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Moderate.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Causation; that milk is harmless for everyone; anything specific about yogurt or cheese.

    Scientific details →

  • US cohorts: dairy neither lowers nor clearly raises mortality

    Ding M et al.. BMJ 2019 · PMID 31776125 · DOI 10.1136/bmj.l6204
    Cohort studyindependent cross-checkfull text, structured risk-of-bias assessment★ key study

    Only the highest intake (about 4.2 servings/day) showed 7% higher mortality.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Dairy and mortality.

    How was the study done?

    Three cohorts, up to 32 years.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    217,755 adults.

    What was actually found?

    Mostly neutral; slight excess mortality at very high intake (about 4 servings/day) and with whole milk; cheese and yogurt not associated.

    How large was the observed effect?

    HR 1.07 (1.04-1.10) highest vs lowest.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Moderate dairy intake appears neutral.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Observational; US health professionals; association disappeared when using most recent intake.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Does not support strong harm claims.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Moderate.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Causal effects.

    Scientific details →

  • WCRF: dairy probably protects against bowel cancer; prostate cancer link is limited

    World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. WCRF/AICR Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective (Third Expert Report) 2018
    Guideline / position statementindependent cross-checkfull text checked★ key study

    13% lower colorectal cancer risk per 400 g dairy a day; evidence for higher prostate cancer risk judged limited.

    Limited-suggestive evidence for prostate cancer; probable protection for colorectal cancer.

    Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: high · Certainty of evidence: see overall assessment of the claim

    Original publication · Scientific details

    Study explained simply
    What did the researchers want to find out?

    Judge whether dairy affects cancer risk.

    How was the study done?

    Expert review of cohort meta-analyses.

    How many people, animals or samples were studied?

    Many cohorts worldwide.

    What was actually found?

    Probable protection against colorectal cancer; limited evidence for prostate cancer increase.

    How large was the observed effect?

    Colorectal RR 0.87 per 400 g/day.

    What do the results mean in everyday life?

    Dairy is not an established cause of cancer; it probably lowers bowel cancer risk.

    What are the study's limitations?

    Observational data; 2018 cut-off.

    What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?

    Supports caution about very high intakes for prostate cancer only as a possibility; contradicts dairy as a general carcinogen.

    Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?

    Directly applicable.

    What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?

    Cannot prove that dairy causes prostate cancer.

    Scientific details →

Regional context

Germany / EU

The WCRF/AICR expert report rates the evidence that dairy (including milk, cheese and yogurt) increases prostate cancer risk as 'limited-suggestive' and judges that dairy probably protects against colorectal cancer; it made no recommendation on dairy (I-DRY-102).

Egypt

No Egyptian data found.

What applies in my country?

General scientific assessment

Potentially true A small association between high dairy intake and prostate cancer is plausible but unproven, and it does not distinguish milk from the cheeses the system permits.

The following areas of food safety are relevant to this statement:

  • Veterinary medicines and antibiotics
  • Hormonal growth promoters
  • Contaminants (heavy metals, PFAS, PCBs, dioxins, nitrate)
  • Mycotoxins (mould toxins)
  • Controls, imports, recalls, labelling

Dairy

Choose a country to see the checked information for it.

Limits: legal rules describe what is allowed, not what every single food contains. Measurement data come from samples and are meaningful only together with their method details.

Country of residence or purchase Compare with another country

References

  1. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.. Aune D et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2015 · PMID 25527754 · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.067157
  2. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the Physicians' Health Study.. Chan JM et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 · PMID 11566656 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/74.4.549
  3. Does milk intake promote prostate cancer initiation or progression via effects on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Harrison S et al.. Cancer Causes Control 2017 · PMID 28361446 · DOI 10.1007/s10552-017-0883-1
  4. A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Reveals an Association between Circulating Levels of IGF-I and Prostate Cancer Risk.. Travis RC et al.. Cancer Res 2016 · PMID 26921328 · DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1551
  5. Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2.. Orlich MJ et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2022 · PMID 35672028 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqac093
  6. Dairy products and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.. Aune D et al.. Ann Oncol 2012 · PMID 21617020 · DOI 10.1093/annonc/mdr269
  7. Genetically proxied milk consumption and risk of colorectal, bladder, breast, and prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.. Larsson SC et al.. BMC Med 2020 · PMID 33261611 · DOI 10.1186/s12916-020-01839-9
  8. Milk consumption and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans.. Zhang X et al.. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021 · PMID 33413488 · DOI 10.1186/s12986-020-00527-y
  9. Associations of dairy intake with risk of mortality in women and men: three prospective cohort studies.. Ding M et al.. BMJ 2019 · PMID 31776125 · DOI 10.1136/bmj.l6204
  10. Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer (Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018). World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. WCRF/AICR Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective (Third Expert Report) 2018

← Back to overview